NIS 2 Compliance

NIS 2 (Directive EU 2022/2555) is the EU's refreshed cybersecurity framework for critical infrastructure, replacing the original NIS Directive on October 18, 2024. It significantly expands scope to cover medium and large entities (50+ staff or EUR 10M+ turnover) across 18 sectors. Entities are classified as 'essential' (Annex I: energy, transport, banking, health, water, digital infrastructure, public administration, space) or 'important' (Annex II: postal, waste, chemicals, food, manufacturing, digital providers, research). Fines are severe: up to EUR 10 million or 2% of global turnover for essential entities, EUR 7 million or 1.4% for important entities. A fundamental shift: Article 20 imposes personal liability on management. Individual managers can face fines and temporary management role bans for failing to approve and oversee cybersecurity measures. NIS 2 mandates 10 specific security measures under Article 21, including risk analysis, incident handling with strict reporting deadlines (24-hour early warning, 72-hour notification, 1-month final report), business continuity, supply chain security, MFA, and encryption. Organizations with no existing security programs need 9-18 months for compliance. Those with ISO 27001, SOC 2, or NIST 800-53 can achieve compliance in 3-6 months. Quick wins like MFA and incident procedures can be completed within weeks.